Hydraulic Gear Pump

Hydraulic gear pumps are a common type of hydraulic pump used to move fluids under pressure. These pumps operate by using gear mechanisms to draw in fluid and deliver it to the system under pressure, providing hydraulic power. Gear pumps are known for their simple construction, durability, and low cost, making them ideal for many industrial applications.

1. What is a Hydraulic Gear Pump?

A hydraulic gear pump provides pressure to the system by moving fluids through the interaction of two gears (usually internal and external gears). Gear pumps typically provide a constant flow rate and use mechanical movement to suction and discharge fluid.

2. Working Principle of Hydraulic Gear Pump

The working principle of hydraulic gear pumps involves the gears rotating together to draw in and compress fluid. As the gears rotate, the gaps between them draw in the fluid, which is then directed to the outlet under pressure. The movement during operation creates pressure on the fluid, thus providing the transmission of hydraulic power.

• Internal gear pump (spur gear pump): In this type of pump, the internal gear is stationary while the external gear rotates. The fluid is drawn in by the rotation of the external gear and pumped at high pressure.

• External gear pump: Here, two external gears rotate together. The fluid between the gears is compressed and discharged to the outside.

3. Types of Hydraulic Gear Pumps

Hydraulic gear pumps are generally divided into two main types based on their construction:

• Internal Gear Pump (True Gear Pump): The internal gear remains stationary while the external gear rotates. The internal gear takes in the fluid and pushes it out with the external gear.

• External Gear Pump: Two external gears rotate together. The gaps between the gears draw in and compress the fluid, converting it to high pressure.

4. Features of Hydraulic Gear Pumps

• Simple Construction: Gear pumps have a simpler structure compared to other hydraulic pumps, making them cost-effective and easy to maintain.

• Low Flow Rate: They typically provide a fixed flow rate and may not be suitable for systems requiring high flow rates.

• High Durability: Gear pumps are capable of operating in harsh conditions and are long-lasting.

• High Pressure: Most gear pumps can operate in average pressure systems. However, there are specialized designs that can withstand high pressures.

• Leakage: The sealing of gear pumps can affect the system's efficiency, so proper maintenance and correct assembly are important.

5. Advantages of Hydraulic Gear Pumps

• Easy Maintenance: Gear pumps are easy to maintain due to their simple construction.

• Long Life: Gear pumps made of durable materials are long-lasting and can withstand high operating hours.

• High Efficiency: They can operate efficiently even at low speeds and provide a constant flow rate.

• Low Cost: Gear pumps are generally cost-effective pump options.

6. Disadvantages of Hydraulic Gear Pumps

• Low Flow Capacity: Due to their typically fixed flow rates, gear pumps may not be efficient in large systems requiring high flow rates.

• Noise Level: Gear pumps can generate mechanical noise, especially at high speeds.

• Leakage Risk: The pump can cause fluid leaks if low-quality sealing elements are used.

7. Applications of Hydraulic Gear Pumps

Due to their simple construction and durability, hydraulic gear pumps are used in many industrial applications. Here are some common applications:

• Construction Equipment: Hydraulic gear pumps are used in cranes, excavators, and other heavy machinery to provide fluid pressure.

• Agricultural Machinery: Tractors and equipment used in agriculture operate with hydraulic gear pumps.

• Automotive Sector: They are used in vehicles for steering, braking, and other hydraulic systems.

• Industrial Applications: Hydraulic power is provided in production and construction machines.

• Maritime: They are frequently used in ships and marine equipment.

8. Selecting a Hydraulic Gear Pump

Key factors to consider when selecting a hydraulic gear pump include:

• Flow Requirement: The fluid flow rate directly affects the pump's capacity to be selected.

• Operating Pressure: The maximum operating pressure in the system is a determining factor in pump selection.

• Oil Type: The viscosity of the hydraulic fluid to be used may affect the pump type.

• Temperature Conditions: The temperature at which the system operates is important for the pump material's durability.

• Noise Level: In applications where noise level is crucial, quieter types of gear pumps should be preferred.