Hydraulische Schaltungselemente

Hydraulic Circuit Elements

Hydraulic circuit elements are the basic components used in hydraulic systems where fluids are pressurized to convert into mechanical energy. These elements ensure the efficient and safe use of hydraulic power. In a hydraulic system, there are various elements that direct fluid flow, control pressure levels, transmit power, and perform mechanical operations. In this article, we will examine hydraulic circuit elements in detail and how they work.

1. Hydraulic Pumps

Hydraulic pumps are the main components that move fluid under pressure in hydraulic circuits. The pump converts mechanical energy into fluid, initiating fluid flow and operating the system.

• Applications: Construction machinery, industrial automation systems, mobile machinery.

• Material Characteristics: High durability, wear resistance, and generally made of steel materials.

• Working Principle: Hydraulic pump sucks in and delivers fluid to the output, often driven by a shaft-rotated rotor or piston.

2. Hydraulic Valves

Hydraulic valves are components that direct and control fluid flow. These valves regulate the direction, speed, and pressure of fluid flow to ensure the proper functioning of the system.

• Applications: Automotive sector, production machinery, construction equipment.

• Material Characteristics: Steel, aluminum, and stainless steel materials are preferred.

• Types:

  • Directional Control Valves: Change the flow direction.

  • Pressure Control Valves: Control the pressure in the system.

  • Flow Control Valves: Adjust the flow rate.

3. Hydraulic Cylinders

Hydraulic cylinders are used to convert hydraulic fluid into linear motion. With the help of pistons, the pressure of the fluid is converted into mechanical kinetic energy.

• Applications: Automotive, robotic systems, heavy-duty machinery.

• Material Characteristics: High-pressure resistant steel alloys, stainless steel, and durable sealing elements are used.

• Working Principle: The fluid moves the cylinder piston to generate linear force.

4. Hydraulic Hoses and Pipes

Hydraulic hoses and pipes facilitate the movement of fluids within hydraulic circuits. Hoses are flexible, while pipes are used for more rigid and fixed connections.

• Applications: All hydraulic systems, especially applications requiring high flexibility.

• Material Characteristics: High-pressure resistant materials such as stainless steel, rubber, and polyurethane.

• Working Principle: Fluid is transferred from one component to another through a hose or pipe.

5. Hydraulic Reservoirs

Hydraulic reservoirs store hydraulic fluids. These reservoirs maintain the necessary fluid level for the system to function properly.

• Applications: Industrial machinery, automotive, construction machinery.

• Material Characteristics: Typically made of stainless steel or aluminum.

• Working Principle: Fluid is accumulated in the reservoir and sent to the system through pumps when needed.

6. Hydraulic Filters

Hydraulic filters clean hydraulic fluid from dirt and foreign particles. Filtration extends the lifespan of system components and increases efficiency.

• Applications: All hydraulic systems, especially under heavy working conditions.

• Material Characteristics: Metal and high-quality synthetic materials are used.

• Working Principle: Dirty fluid is cleaned by passing through filter elements.

7. Hydraulic Seals

Hydraulic seals are used to provide leak-free operation of fluids. These elements ensure correct flow of fluid and prevent leakage.

• Applications: All hydraulic systems, especially in systems with high-pressure requirements.

• Material Characteristics: Flexible and durable materials like rubber, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) are used.

• Working Principle: Seals prevent fluid leakage at connection points or moving parts.

8. Hydraulic Auxiliary Elements

These elements ensure the more efficient operation of hydraulic circuits. They include pressure regulators, timers, and converters.

• Applications: Automation systems, industrial machinery, robotic applications.

• Material Characteristics: Steel and aluminum alloys.

• Working Principle: These elements provide auxiliary functions to other components in the system, such as stabilizing pressure or regulating fluid flow.

9. Hydraulic Connection Elements

Connection elements ensure the secure connection of all components in the hydraulic system. These can include flanges, fittings, and connection parts.

• Applications: All hydraulic systems, especially where secure connections between components are necessary.

• Material Characteristics: Steel, stainless steel, and aluminum.

• Working Principle: These elements ensure the leak-free flow of hydraulic fluids.

10. Hydraulic Power Source (Motors)

Hydraulic motors allow the conversion of hydraulic fluid from hydraulic systems into mechanical energy. These motors enable machine operation by producing rotational movement.

• Applications: Various industrial machinery, vehicles, equipment.

• Material Characteristics: Made of steel and cast iron for high durability and low wear properties.

• Working Principle: The fluid is converted into rotational movement in the motor.