Hydraulische Schaltungselemente

Hydraulic circuit elements are the basic components used in hydraulic systems, where fluids move under pressure and are converted into mechanical energy. These elements enable the effective and safe use of hydraulic power. In a hydraulic system, there are many different elements that direct fluid flow, control pressure levels, transmit power, and perform mechanical operations. In this article, we will examine hydraulic circuit elements and how they work in detail.

1. Hydraulic Pumps

Hydraulic pumps are the main components that move fluid under pressure in hydraulic circuits. The pump converts mechanical energy into fluid, initiates fluid flow, and operates the system.

• Applications: Construction machinery, industrial automation systems, mobile machinery.

• Material Properties: High durability, wear resistance, and generally steel materials are used.

• Working Principle: The hydraulic pump generally sucks fluid from a rotor or piston driven by a shaft and delivers it to the outlet.

2. Hydraulic Valves

Hydraulic valves are elements that direct and control fluid flow. These valves regulate the direction, speed, and pressure of fluid flow to ensure the proper functioning of functions in the system.

• Applications: Automotive sector, production machinery, construction equipment.

• Material Properties: Steel, aluminum, and stainless steel materials are preferred.

• Types:

  • Directional Control Valves: Changes the flow direction.

  • Pressure Control Valves: Controls the pressure in the system.

  • Flow Control Valves: Adjusts the flow rate.

3. Hydraulic Cylinders

Hydraulic cylinders are used to convert hydraulic fluid into linear motion. With the help of pistons, the pressure of the fluid is converted into mechanical motion energy.

• Applications: Automotive, robotic systems, heavy-duty machinery.

• Material Properties: High-pressure resistant steel alloys, stainless steel, and durable sealing elements are used.

• Working Principle: The fluid moves the cylinder piston to create a linear force.

4. Hydraulic Hoses and Pipes

Hydraulic hoses and pipes allow fluids to be transported within a hydraulic circuit. Hoses are flexible, while pipes are used for more rigid and firm connections.

• Applications: All hydraulic systems, especially applications requiring high flexibility.

• Material Properties: High-pressure resistant materials such as stainless steel, rubber, and polyurethane.

• Working Principle: The fluid is transported from one component to another through hoses or pipes.

5. Hydraulic Reservoirs

Hydraulic reservoirs store hydraulic fluids. These reservoirs maintain the necessary fluid level for the system to function properly.

• Applications: Industrial machinery, automotive, construction machinery.

• Material Properties: Generally made of stainless steel or aluminum.

• Working Principle: The fluid is collected in the reservoir and is delivered to the system when necessary through pumps.

6. Hydraulic Filters

Hydraulic filters clean hydraulic fluid from dirt and foreign particles. Filtration extends the life of components in the system and improves efficiency.

• Applications: All hydraulic systems, especially under heavy operating conditions.

• Material Properties: Metal and high-quality synthetic materials are used.

• Working Principle: Dirty fluid is cleaned by passing through filter elements.

7. Hydraulic Seals

Hydraulic seals are used to provide sealing for fluids. These elements ensure that the fluid flows correctly and does not leak outside.

• Applications: All hydraulic systems, especially in systems with high pressure requirements.

• Material Properties: Flexible and durable materials such as rubber, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) are used.

• Working Principle: Seals prevent fluid leakage at connection points or moving parts.

8. Hydraulic Auxiliary Elements

These elements ensure the more efficient operation of hydraulic circuits. Among these are pressure regulators, timers, and converters.

• Applications: Automation systems, industrial machinery, robotic applications.

• Material Properties: Steel and aluminum alloys.

• Working Principle: These elements provide auxiliary functions to other components in the system, such as stabilizing pressure or regulating fluid flow.

9. Hydraulic Couplings

Couplings allow all components in the hydraulic system to be securely connected. These can be flanges, fittings, and connectors.

• Applications: All hydraulic systems, especially when secure connections are required between components.

• Material Properties: Steel, stainless steel, and aluminum.

• Working Principle: These elements ensure the leakage-free flow of hydraulic fluid.

10. Hydraulic Power Units (Motors)

Hydraulic motors ensure the conversion of fluid from hydraulic systems into mechanical energy. These motors enable machines to operate by generating rotational motion.

• Applications: Various industrial machinery, vehicles, equipment.

• Material Properties: Made of steel and cast iron with high durability and low abrasion properties.

• Working Principle: The fluid is converted into rotational motion in the motor.