Hydraulikschaltungselemente

Hydraulic Circuit Components

Hydraulic circuit components are the basic elements used in hydraulic systems where fluids are pressurized and converted into mechanical energy. These components enable the effective and safe use of hydraulic power. In a hydraulic system, there are various components that direct fluid flow, control pressure levels, transmit power, and perform mechanical operations. In this article, we will examine hydraulic circuit components and how they work in detail.

1. Hydraulic Pumps

Hydraulic pumps are the main components that move fluid under pressure in hydraulic circuits. The pump converts mechanical energy into fluid to start fluid flow and operate the system.

• Applications: Construction machinery, industrial automation systems, mobile machinery.

• Material Characteristics: High durability, wear resistance, and typically steel materials are used.

• Operating Principle: The hydraulic pump draws in fluid from a rotor or piston usually driven by a shaft and delivers it to the outlet.

2. Hydraulic Valves

Hydraulic valves are components that direct and control fluid flow. These valves regulate the direction, speed, and pressure of fluid flow to ensure the proper functioning of the system.

• Applications: Automotive sector, manufacturing machinery, construction equipment.

• Material Characteristics: Steel, aluminum, and stainless steel materials are preferred.

• Types:

  • Directional Control Valves: Changes the flow direction.

  • Pressure Control Valves: Controls the pressure in the system.

  • Flow Control Valves: Adjusts the flow rate.

3. Hydraulic Cylinders

Hydraulic cylinders are used to convert hydraulic fluid into linear motion. With the help of pistons, the pressure of the fluid is converted into mechanical motion.

• Applications: Automotive, robotic systems, heavy machinery.

• Material Characteristics: High-pressure resistant steel alloys, stainless steel, and durable sealing elements are used.

• Operating Principle: The fluid moves the piston of the cylinder to create linear force.

4. Hydraulic Hoses and Pipes

Hydraulic hoses and pipes are used to transport fluids within a hydraulic circuit. Hoses are flexible, while pipes are used for more rigid and fixed connections.

• Applications: All hydraulic systems, especially applications requiring high flexibility.

• Material Characteristics: High-pressure resistant materials such as stainless steel, rubber, and polyurethane.

• Operating Principle: The fluid is transported from one component to another through a hose or pipe.

5. Hydraulic Reservoirs

Hydraulic reservoirs store hydraulic fluids. These reservoirs maintain the necessary fluid level for the system to function properly.

• Applications: Industrial machinery, automotive, construction machinery.

• Material Characteristics: Typically made of stainless steel or aluminum.

• Operating Principle: The fluid is stored in the reservoir and is delivered to the system through pumps when needed.

6. Hydraulic Filters

Hydraulic filters clean hydraulic fluid from dirt and foreign particles. Filtration extends the lifespan of components in the system and increases efficiency.

• Applications: All hydraulic systems, especially under heavy operational conditions.

• Material Characteristics: Metal and high-quality synthetic materials are used.

• Operating Principle: Dirty fluid is cleaned by passing through filter elements.

7. Hydraulic Seals

Hydraulic seals are used to provide leak-proofing for fluids. These elements ensure that the fluid flows correctly and does not leak out.

• Applications: All hydraulic systems, especially those with high-pressure requirements.

• Material Characteristics: Flexible and durable materials such as rubber, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) are used.

• Operating Principle: Seals prevent fluid leakage at connection points or moving parts.

8. Hydraulic Auxiliary Components

These components enhance the efficiency of hydraulic circuits. They include pressure regulators, timers, and converters.

• Applications: Automation systems, industrial machinery, robotic applications.

• Material Characteristics: Steel and aluminum alloys.

• Operating Principle: These components provide auxiliary functions to other components in the system, such as stabilizing pressure or regulating fluid flow.

9. Hydraulic Connection Elements

Connection elements ensure the secure connection of all components in the hydraulic system. These can be flanges, fittings, and connecting parts.

• Applications: All hydraulic systems, especially in cases where secure connections between components are required.

• Material Characteristics: Steel, stainless steel, and aluminum.

• Operating Principle: These elements ensure the leak-free flow of hydraulic fluids.

10. Hydraulic Power Source (Motors)

Hydraulic motors convert the fluid from hydraulic systems into mechanical energy. These motors enable machine operation by generating rotational motion.

• Applications: Various industrial machinery, vehicles, equipment.

• Material Characteristics: Made of steel and cast iron with high durability and low wear properties.

• Operating Principle: The fluid is converted into rotational motion in the motor.